Wednesday, September 2, 2020

At School I Have Been Bullied by a Teacher

At School I Have Been Bullied by a Teacher Hashtag: #EnElColegioTengo (At school I have) Why Some Teachers Crossed the Line? A 14-year old young lady in her second year of secondary school was hollered at, mortified, and conveyed of the room by her all around experienced male science educator for essentially posing moronic inquiries. Instructors who harassed their understudies, as indicated by study, were for the most part new educators overpowered by disappointments or tenured instructors who were extremely stuck in a rut and reluctant to change their conventional coercive educating rehearses. A couple of occasions of unplanned coercive response because of absence of experience and baffling students’ conduct might be worthy for new instructors however the tormenting male science educator is a veteran educator. One clarification is the reality harassing conduct is established in close to home estimations, instilled, and steady with the manner in which an individual comprehends the world. Since the conduct of tenured educators served them well before and in actuality earned them their present position and authority, they consider themselves to be predominant, haughty and unsympathetic towards â€Å"inferior† understudies. Investigation of tormenting instructors shows that paying little mind to disappointment or student’s positive conduct, educators who are increasingly senior, tenured, and experienced educators routinely working on harassing conduct. These incorporate constant expression of hostile or intriguing language, deprecatory or corrupting comments, engage in coercive sexual conduct, supremacist and chauvinist remarks, humiliating, compromising, and scaring comments. Besides, paying little mind to their position and authority, they occupied with spreading bogus bits of gossip trying to dishonor and socially seclude a person. Is There a Cure for Teacher’s Bullying Behavior? Associating with understudies in both individual and expert way is frequently extremely testing. The investigation shows that educators who can't control an understudy showing negative conduct in class frequently participate in power battle until they become baffled and react with tormenting. Consequently, it might be useful for instructors to abstain from taking part in the force battle with forceful or aggravating understudies. A portion of the prescribed techniques to maintain a strategic distance from power battle is to assemble a positive relationship with understudies through caring concern, productive criticism, and regard. For instance, educators imparting consciously, focusing on understudies concern, recognizing those with positive practices, working with every understudy to address social issues is probably not going to get negative reactions from understudies. Interestingly, the individuals who utilized power and taking part in the force battle, make an open scene of a student’s adverse conduct, and taking it too close to home regularly shape the negative relationship, expanded the potential for burnout, dissatisfaction, and harassing conduct. The above proposals are unmistakably not inapplicable to â€Å"superior† tenured instructors who in a manner esteem their profoundly established exploitative educating rehearses. Since the chief by and by abstains from excusing these senior harassers, some of them were reassigned to non-showing positions where can't hurt understudies. Different less senior domineering jerks, presumably those with potential for change, were sent to a type of hostile to harassing programs planned for changing their way of life, perspectives, emotions, and conduct. In forestalling tenured teachers’ harassing, a few projects empower instructing and non-encouraging staff to report an educator tormenting an understudy. Others directed an understudy strengthening meeting planned for adjusting the force inside the homeroom. This program by and by advances attention to tormenting practices and their outcomes and in the long run created regard between the two gatherings.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

HRM exam preparation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

HRM test arrangement - Essay Example Basically, these are viewed as convictions that regularly slant organizations just as the people to act in specific manners which are unique in relation to the others. Qualities run from monetary, political just as strict among others and these regularly shape the manner in which an association works towards the fulfillment of its objectives. In an association, there is a for the most part acknowledged method of working together and this is broadly viewed as the outline that is answerable for molding the manner in which individuals act in an association. Against this foundation, it very well may be noticed that mentality is basically worried about molding our sentiments towards something. These emotions can either be sure or negative contingent upon the idea of the circumstance existing on the ground. It tends to be seen that demeanor is molded to suit the necessities of individuals included. Valence is the level of constructive or antagonistic sentiments about an item while centrality is the degree to which mentality is a piece of the person’s self. Every individual has a disposition that characterizes his character. Interrelatedness is another character of demeanor which is identified with different perspectives while steadiness places such that disposition is protection from change. Explicitness is how much demeanor is explicit to a specific trait while striking nature is the level of consciousness of holding a mentality. Essentially, perspectives are man-made and they are a piece of an individual’s mental make-up and create and change because of the person’s current needs. Every single distinct individual has an unconventional mentality that recognizes him from the others. Be that as it may, it must be noticed that we are not brought into the world with mentalities however these are gained particularly from guardians, family, peers just as coworke rs. Business related perspectives are of significance to numerous associations and in light of the fact that they have potential results that could be valuable, the two that

Friday, August 21, 2020

Electronic Security Essay -- Internet Technology Essays

Electronic Security Have you at any point thought about what befalls your Visa number when it's sent through a safe server to Yahoo or Amazon? Have you at any point pondered: Is my information safe? Lamentably no movement on the Internet is private or secure. Anything put away on a home framework is totally helpless against the outside world (except if obviously the framework is separated from the Internet). Something else to consider is the way that any information on a plate can be rescued. So if a degenerate circle is disposed of, the information can be recuperated with the correct instruments. The equivalent is valid with PC hard drives, streak memory, reduced Disks and so forth... There are really individuals who recoup information for their salary. These individuals generally don't oppress some client they simply remove the information and hand it to them with a royal flair. In the film The Net Ms. Bennett (Sandra Bullock) works for a product organization. She beta tests and de-bugs programs. She finds hazardous data that at last dispatches her into an epic fight against a gathering of psychological oppressor programmers, the stakes: her life and character. Could this truly occur? In principle, somebody's life could be messed up and additionally taken. To oversee an entire nation's databases and systems would require a superior laid arrangement than the plot in the film. So as to approach secure national information; an incredible decoding project would be required, just as an approach to conceal the purpose of entrance. Having a contact within wouldn't hurt either. The film plot appears to be somewhat unrealistic. Global control isn't as simple as Hollywood portrays it. In reality most system hacking is utilized to conceal mystery occasions and data, which could pos... ...oice is to be cautious with the data discharged to the general population, driving any individual who wishes mischief to work for the data. Electronic security is a bogus idea, because of the way that people made the code or encryption in any case. So different people could likewise concoct approaches to break or alter others' work. It is difficult to make a code so stunning that it is unbreakable. On the off chance that it is created by a human psyche, it tends to be comprehended and utilized by another human brain, in time. Works Cited The Net. Screenplay by John Brancato, Michael Ferris. Dir. Irwin Winkler. Perf. Sandra Bullock, Ray McKinnon, Jeremy Northam. Columbia Pictures, Winkler Films. 1995. Holeton, Richard. Forming Cyberspace: Identity, people group, and information in the electronic age. New York, San Francisco, St. Louis: Stanford University, 1998 (Wolves of the level. 132-142)

Tuesday, May 26, 2020

Essay Samples - Find the Right Online Resource to Help You Save Time

Essay Samples - Find the Right Online Resource to Help You Save TimeWhen you are looking for essay samples you want to be sure that you have access to the right resources. Even though there are many companies that offer essay samples, these companies are not exactly the ones that you want to work with. To avoid going the way of getting poor quality documents, try to get more research done into what the company is doing.When you find the right resource, you will be able to have a better idea of how effective the essay samples are. The following tips will help you determine if you can trust a particular resource when it comes to your academic writing needs. Make sure you know what you are looking for before you go out to buy one.First you need to ask yourself what kind of needs you have. If you are only interested in ones for college this should not be a problem. The next thing that you need to do is talk to your professor and see if they know of any websites that have materials to pro vide you with samples. Although you may have to wait a little while you will be able to see if you are not able to get a sample.Then you should be able to find several good resources for research. You may also want to talk to other professors and see if they know of any resources that you can use. While you may want to take a look at the ones that your own professor is offering, you can choose to look at others as well.Once you are sure that you can get some essay samples, it is time to do some homework. You need to see if there are going to be any fees associated with getting samples. This means that you may want to check if there are any shipping fees as well.If there are fees associated with getting high quality essays it is probably going to cost you more money than the price of the material. Since you do not want to end up with poor writing, it is best to be sure that you can get high quality materials. Remember that it is your professor's job to be able to help you with this t ype of writing.You can look around for high quality companies to get the essay samples that you want. Since there are so many great resources available, you will be able to get some very good ones and get the best results possible.

Saturday, May 16, 2020

How to Melt Aluminum Cans at Home

Aluminum is a common and useful metal, known for its corrosion resistance, malleability, and for being lightweight. Its safe enough to be used around food and in contact with skin. Its much easier to recycle this metal than it is to purify it from ores. You can melt old aluminum cans to get molten aluminum. Pour the metal into a suitable mold to make jewelry, cookware, ornaments, sculptures, or for another metalworking project. Its a great introduction to home recycling. Key Takeaways: Melt Aluminum Cans Aluminum is an abundant and versatile metal that is easily recycled.The melting point of aluminum is low enough that it can be melted with a hand-held torch. However, the project goes more quickly using a furnace or kiln.Recycled aluminum can be used to make sculptures, containers, and jewelry. Materials for Melting Aluminum Cans Melting cans is not complicated, but its an adult-only project because high temperatures are involved. Youll want to work in a clean, well-ventilated area. Its not necessary to clean the cans before melting them since organic matter (plastic coating, leftover soda, etc.) will burn off during the process. Aluminum cansSmall furnace of the electric kiln (or another heat source that reaches the appropriate temperature, such as a propane torch)Steel crucible (or other metal with a melting point much higher than aluminum, yet lower than your furnace—could be a sturdy stainless steel bowl or a cast iron skillet)Heat-resistant glovesMetal tongsMolds into which youll pour the aluminum (steel, iron, etc.—be creative) Melting the Aluminum The first step youll want to take is to crush the cans so that you can load as many as possible into the crucible. Youll get about 1 pound of aluminum for every 40 cans. Load your cans into the container youre using as a crucible and place the crucible inside the kiln. Close the lid.Fire up the kiln or furnace to 1220 °F. This is the melting point of aluminum (660.32  °C, 1220.58  °F), but below the melting point of steel. The aluminum will melt almost immediately once it reaches this temperature. Allow half a minute or so at this temperature to assure the aluminum is molten.Put on safety glasses and heat-resistant gloves. You should be wearing a long-sleeve shirt, long pants, and covered toe shoes when working with extremely hot (or cold) materials.Open the kiln. Use tongs to slowly and carefully remove the crucible. Do not place your hand inside the kiln! Its a good idea to line the path from the kiln to the mold with a metal pan or foil, to aid in clean-up of spills.Pour the liquid aluminum into the mold. It will take about 15 minutes for the aluminum to solidify on its own. If desired, you can place the mold in a bucket of cold water after a few minutes. If you do this, use caution, since steam will be produced.There may be some leftover material in your crucible. You can knock the dregs out of the crucible by slapping it upside down onto a hard surface, such as concrete. You can use the same process to knock the aluminum out of the molds. If you have trouble, change the temperature of the mold. The aluminum and mold (which is a different meta) will have a different coefficient of expansion, which you can use to your advantage when freeing one metal from another.Remember to turn off your kiln or furnace when youre done. Recycling doesnt make much sense if youre wasting energy, right? Did You Know? Re-melting aluminum to recycle it is far less expensive and uses less energy than producing new aluminum from the electrolysis of aluminum oxide (Al2O3). Recycling uses about 5% of the energy needed to make the metal from its raw ore. About 36% of aluminum in the United States comes from recycled metal. Brazil leads the world in aluminum recycling. The country recycles 98.2% of its aluminum cans. Sources Morris, J. (2005). Comparative LCAs for curbside recycling versus either landfilling or incineration with energy recovery.  The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 10(4), 273–284.Oskamp, S. (1995). Resource conservation and recycling: Behavior and policy. Journal of Social Issues. 51 (4): 157–177. doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1995.tb01353.xSchlesinger, Mark (2006). Aluminum Recycling. CRC Press. p. 248. ISBN 978-0-8493-9662-5.

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

The Ethical Issue Of Tina - 1230 Words

Ethical Issue: Tina is facing the ethical issue that she has to be doing the job in a way that is not professionally and ethically sound. For example, she initiated the job with the aim that she would learn from the tasks under the job. However, in practice the situation is very different. In this scenario, the solution has been presented in the following based on appropriate actions and words Tina should use in the situation. Brief Snapshot of the situation: The situation is that Tina started the job as she thought and that it would increase her knowledge. When she did various tasks after joining the organization, she found that the job is based on fake IDs, fake recommendation for books, and there is very little use of knowledge and the tasks are done for the sake of tasks. First, Tina should analyze and decide the perspective of the situation. In a simple and theoretical way, the situation may be considered in a legal perspective as well. However, the case snapshot states that it is more of an ethical situation and this perspective should be prevailed in deciding the response. Identification of principles: The principles are always clean when they are expressed in terms of words. However, once one becomes an employee those principles will start to look hazy. Certainly, some written documents will be signed by Tina and there will be some job description as well. Tina should read the words on the job description and appointment letter and she should observe the gaps thatShow MoreRelatedEthical Delimma at Northlake935 Words   |  4 PagesEthical Dilemma at Northlake Synopsis Frank is the manager of corporate reporting at Amalgamated Forests Products. He had objected to the report Endangered Species: The Pulp and Paper Industry in the Upper Peninsula, this report contained the industrys response to the new governments proposals to control effluents from being discharged into environmentally sensitive regions. 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Frank feels the report is shrouded in unethical conduct. â€Å"Endangered Species; The Pulp and Paper Industry in the Upper Peninsula† is a report prepared by Amalgamated Forest Products’ Tina Pacquette, in response to new government legislation requiring pulp and paper mills to change the way they dispose of waste materials. The government is proposing a more environmentally safe way to dispose of the waste materials by forcing the industry

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

How an Organization Would be Without the Establishment of any form of

Question: How an organization would be without the establishment of any form of leadership? Answer: Introduction Think of how an organization would be without the establishment of any form of leadership? What would be experienced is an instance where there is inefficient allocation of resources, poor communication and coordination in the business, fraud instances in the accounting record, there can also be theft of company resources because of the in availability of any leadership process. Hence, the establishment of leadership tends to be the primary spine in the conduction of daily business activities for the purpose of customer satisfaction. Different definitions have been brought up to at least try and define what leadership entails. According to Mitchell (2015), leadership allows the collaboration and assessment so that there can be an understanding how the developments tasks challenge constraints, while they explore new possibilities so as to ensure there is accountability and support for the purpose of business aims and sustainability development. Tartell (2014) defines leadership as an individual or persons whose responsibilities are selecting, equipping, training and influencing individuals who are in possession of diverse abilities, skills and gifts for the purpose of attainment of business mission or objectives. Therefore, leaders use their ethical means and seek greater good of their employee so that they can be develop, process and implements their actions steps. Hence, in this study my aim is on the providing a detailed scenario about Enron Scandal. Founded in the year 1985, it was one the global leading firm in electricity, natural gas, communications, pulp, and paper firms before its collapse in late 2001. Thus, its annual revenues had risen from about $9 billion as of 1995 to more than $100 billion in 2000. Therefore, during the end of 2001, it was revealed by its annual reports that the financial condition had been sustained sustainably through institutions, and it was a systematically and creatively planned accounting fraud. According to Amara (2007), Enron stock dropped from $90 per share in the mid of 200 to less that $1 per share as of 2001. In this case, the shareholder estimated a loss of close to $11 billion. After they had revised their financial statement for the last five years, it was certain that the company had lost more than $586 million. As a result, this triggered the fall to bankruptcy on December 2001. Perhaps, it would be of significant purpose to at least try and outline some of the major problems that might have led to the downfall in this case study, they include: It was identified that the chief finance officer has more than $30 million for self-dealings. Hence, it was regarded that the CFO had taken money for his personal usage which was a not good according to the governance of the company (Bryce, 2002). There was also the disappearance of $700 million total net earnings. As a result, such a scandal means that the accounting system has some form of fraud, thus leading to the bankruptcy of the company (Bryce, 2002). A total of $1.2 billion shareholders equity got lost in the accounting process. There were also hidden liabilities by the accountants which were close to $4 billion. Hence, many of the recorded assets and profits in Enron Company were inflated or perhaps there was also some fraudulent and non-existence in the records. In the case of debts and equities, entities they were recorded offshore and werent included in the final companys financial statements (Bryce, 2002). There were also some sophisticated financial transactions that took place between Enron and other firms which were used in the elimination of unprofitable entities in the companys books (Amara, 2007). Hence, such acts are deemed to have been the problems that faced the firm. Thus, in this study our focus will be primarily focused how leadership plays a major role in order to build the organizational culture as well as behavior. In addition, it will still focus on highlighting why leaders in such a firm like Enron need to maintain their ethical practice and proper leadership models that would direct the company. 1. How can be explained by some of leadership theories happened at Enron? Contingency model theory- the theory tends to offer theoretical model that focus on leadership based on leaders character and situation. Therefore, the situational factor tends to interact with the leaders traits and behaviors so that there can be some form of leadership effectiveness (Normore Fitch, 2011). Therefore, the theory outlines that the leaders can be effective in terms of task orientation and relationship orientation. As for our case, it is a total different case. For instance, it is observed that management characters and relation to the employees wasnt effective (Amara, 2007). Therefore, such factors may be the escalating factors to what happened at Enron Company. Thus, using the theory leaders should ensure that they are up to task and they have a good relationship between them and the employees so that there can be free communication and respect. Path goal theory- this theory focuses on how leaders motivate their followers so that they can achieve their desired goals. Hence, it tends to focus on the relationship between the leadership style and characteristics of the followers in the organization setting. Hence, the leader is imperative to use a leadership style that meets the followers motivation. All this is possible if there is complementation of what is missing in the work setting. Therefore, leaders try and enhance the followers to the goal attainments (Goethals, 2004). Considering our case, leaders of Enron failed to motivate their employees in any manner towards the attainment of desired goals. For instance, we observe Mr. Skilling a leader promoting a culture of fraud, so most of the employees embraced this fraud culture and failed to accomplish the desired goals. Other employees who at least tried and make claims that there were emerging issues because of fraud were dismissed. Hence, it meant that the leaders failed to motivate employees towards the desired goals; as a result this led to the continued escalation. 2. In what ways does leadership influence culture? Whether a leader comes up in any organization or is brought from the outside of the organizations, different ways emerge on how leaders impact the company culture. Hence, I will briefly look at some of the ways in which leaders can influence the culture of an organization. Walking the talk- as a leader people tend to observe what you say, do and the values you posses, not just in a way that you say it. Looking at the then Enron CEO, Kenneth lay and his management group they were stealing from their shareholders, thus a lot of traders were laughing at them because of how they were going bankrupt little old ladies so that they can heat their bills. Such an instance tends to be very tough for a leader; this is because a lot of people fail to have respect for them (Normore Fitch, 2011). Hence, there is the need of developing a culture by the Enron leaders where they focus on doing something that they say and ensure that they follow it through. Rewards and enforcements- as a leader there is the need of valuing what we recognize. Therefore, Enron leadership may adopt a new culture where they reward and recognize employees. Thus, they will be a collaboration and team work culture compared to before where employees where working against each other for the purpose of safeguarding their job (Bradley, 2011). There is also an instance where employees in Enron Company worked towards the maintenance of their jobs rather than focusing on the achievement of organizational goals. Hence, this developed the culture of fraud, but we observe that the current leadership of the firm has decided to reward effective employees. Therefore, if people are promoted the leadership influence will have conformed in a successful way that creates a hierarchical culture. Being passionate- passion tends to be contagious and most people often like to be associated with it. As some scholars argue on leadership programs, people can follow you because they have to or because they want to because of your capabilities (Elliot, 2002). Therefore, if one has the capabilities to inspire people for change you tend to reprogram their brains thus they will take some form of ownership so that they can ensure success in the firm objectives. Communicating efficiently- it may sound obvious but if there is no clear communication, there is the likelihood of unclear and informal communication (Smith, 2009). Consider the case of Enron Scandal, poor communication culture in the firm was a escalating factor to downfall. Looking at an example, there was no evidence because of poor communication culture by the leaders that when the CEO told the employees that stock would rise that he could disclose that he was selling stock. Hence, it meant the duty was owed to one's good faith and disclosure (Bradley, 2011). Moreover, in this case, the employees would not have known of the stock sales within days or weeks in such an ordinary case. Thus, only the under investigation after the bankruptcy was it known that the CEO is selling stock. Perhaps, such a factor could be stated that it increased the level of bankruptcy. Therefore, people tend to appreciate if there is honest and straightforward communication to them even if it is negative so that they could at least try and develop a positive influence. All these can be possible if only the leadership system decides to adopt an effective communication culture. Leadership and employees engagement leads to innovation- having an amazing form of leadership makes people motivated in the success of achievements. More importantly, you have the freedom to undertake any duty and this creates some form of redundant task that you would have to normally do (Normore Fitch, 2011). Based on this, a leader who engages his employees brings some positive atmosphere in an organization and makes the work a lot simpler. Know think of a company where the employees are disengaged along with poor leadership (Lumby Coleman, 2007). What is likely to be seen is an instance similar to the Enron Scandal. Here, we are likely to experience instances of negative results, as a result the company becomes awry, work become gruel and tasks become daunted, rather than a place where people can develop an learn new things. Therefore, it is up to the leaders to make decisions on what shape they would like their work place to be, this is what separates great companies from the bad companies. Therefore, to make positive cultural influences those are objective to the organization aims leader should be transparent, clear and fun company that most people often feel to go and work for (Lumby Coleman, 2007). Hence, leaders should maintain that they influence cultures that make companies to thrive. 3. How should unethical behavior be reduced at the workplace? What should be the recommendations? In our case scenario, we observe that weakness of human beings. The executives in this company were smart guys, but unfortunately they destroyed the fortune they had built for 16 years because of unethical characters. Unethical characters tend to develop some disastrous consequences in any organization. Therefore, as a leader there is the dire need of avoiding such practices from happening (Normore Fitch, 2011). Hence, Enron should consider avoiding some of the unethical behaviors within the organization. These are as follows: Proper corporate culture Firms should critically look at their corporate culture because the culture found in an organization will affect the decisions made by the employers and employees in any ethical dilemma (Koletar, 2003). Considering our case study, Enron culture led to bad result which increased levels of fraud and bankruptcy. It is also noted that Enron had competitive environments and rigorous performance in evaluating their standards. Besides that they focused more on their financial goals. Therefore, if Enron had given more job securities to their employees, instances of cheating could have been less. Therefore, the employers could not have made decisions if they cared about the interest of their employees and stakeholders. Hence, building a healthy corporate culture tends to be a necessity for the firm. Robust ethics infrastructure There is the need of establishing a robust ethnic infrastructure that should be followed daily. Therefore, having ethical codes tend to be far from enough (Normore Fitch, 2011). For instance, our case company had written code of ethics, but there were many unethical behaviors still happening. Hence, when firms write down their codes of ethics they should also communicate it effectively to all employees. Hence, leaders should make sure that a companys ethical standards are common to each persons mind. Establishment of business ethics theories and models Businesses need to learn the significance of business ethics theories and models because of their capability to reduce levels of unethical characters. For instance, in these models and theories, impacts for your decisions and interest tend to be emphasized. Hence, the ethics models develop good ways in which you balance the interest of all parties, so that they can assist in the making of a right decision in an instance of ethical dilemma (Elliot, 2002). Hence, having proper business ethics theories and models lower levels of unethical dilemmas once you know what should be done. Hence, to avoid any other case of Enron, firms should opt whether they possess a healthy business culture, whether they have their written codes of ethics and if they follow the codes, and if they employers and employees have sufficient knowledge about the business ethics (Normore Fitch, 2011). Conclusion In this study there is an in-depth understanding on how proper leadership is the spine towards the conduction of business process. There is also observation of how leaders can influence the culture of an organization to either the positive or negative side (Normore Fitch, 2011). Lastly are recommendations of how companies can handle instances of unethical behaviors. Therefore, effective leadership is a significant necessity for any firm in the business world. References Tartell, R. H. (2014).A test of the path goal theory of leadership. House, R. J., University of Toronto. (2009).Retrospective commentary: The Path Goal Theory of Leadership. Toronto: Faculty of Management Studies, University of Toronto Goethals, G. R., Sorenson, G. J., Burns, J. M. G., Sage Publications. (2004).Encyclopedia of leadership. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage Publications. House, R. J., Mitchell, T. R., United States. (2015).Path-goal theory of leadership. Seattle: University of Washington.. Bryce, R. (2002).Pipe dreams: Greed, ego, and the death of Enron. New York: PublicAffairs. Swartz, M., Watkins, S. (2003).Power failure: The inside story of the collapse of Enron. New York: Doubleday. Lay, K. L., Newcomen Society of the United States. (1990).The Enron story. New York: Newcomen Society of the United States. Gibney, A., Kliot, J., Motamed, S., Coyote, P., Hauser, M., Elkind, P., McLean, B., ... Magnolia Home Entertainment (Firm). (2006).Enron: The smartest guys in the room. Los Angeles, CA: Magnolia Home Entertainment. Amara, E. (2007).The Enron scandal. New York, NY: Filmakers Library.

Thursday, April 16, 2020

To What Extent did Hitler Rule Germany with Popular Consent

Table of Contents Introduction Hitler’s Rise to Power Rule by Popular Public Consent Use of Propaganda Rule through Coercion Conclusion References Introduction Hitler is widely regarded as the most disreputable world leader of all time and the crimes committed by his regime are still viewed as the most atrocious in modern history. His rule was marked by the killing of millions of Jews and a dictatorial rule that saw Germany turned into a police state.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on To What Extent did Hitler Rule Germany with Popular Consent? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, Hitler was also a charismatic ruler who was able to inspire the people with his ideas and restore German’s prosperity after the Second World War. His influence was so great that the Nazi party was popularly known as the â€Å"Hitler movement†. This Nazi ruler made use of the constitution to take power and hen ce demonstrated that he could make use of popular public consent. Considering this contradictory phases of Hitler’s regime, it would be useful to research on the nature of Hitler’s rule in order to gain a deeper understanding of the form of leadership that Hitler employed. This paper will analyse the extent to which Hitler ruled Germany with popular consent in order to demonstrate that while Hitler was primarily an authoritarian ruler, he led the country with a lot of popular consent from the masses. Hitler’s Rise to Power The Nazi Party was formed in 1919 as a Right Wing group that promised to restore the country’s prestige following the humiliating defeat in World War I and the subsequent imposition of the Treaty of Versailles on Germany. Hitler joined the party in its first years and rose to the rank of chief propagandist for the party. His brilliant oratory skills and leadership abilities led to his being made Chairman of the party. Hitler and his Naz i party gained formal power following the 1928 election where the party won 12 seats. This modest achievement indicated that the party had a significant following in the country and people were willing to follow Hitler’s leadership (Orlow 1982). The Reichstag elections of July 1932 were very favourable for the Nazi Party, which acquired 37% of the votes making it the majority party in the German parliament. Hitler was made the Chancellor of the Weimar Republic in January 1933. Hitler’s absolute hold on power was achieved in 1934 when he consolidated the office of the president and that of the chancellor in the person of â€Å"the Fuhrer and Reich Chancellor Adolf Hitler†. Rule by Popular Public Consent Once Hitler and the Nazi party had seized all power, they implemented policies that turned the country into a dictatorship. Even so, Hitler still engaged in some form of rule through popular consent. Once Hitler was appointed Chancellor in 1933, some positive chan ges became evident in Germany. Many people acquired steady jobs and security was restored.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These factors made people hope for a better future under Hitler. Gellately (2002) observes that in the early years, Hitler was keen not to make any illegal moves that might turn the people against him. Instead, all illegal moves were presented as necessary measures to protect the German population from a communist revolution. Orlow (1982) documents that the middle and upper middle class Germans were the main supporters of Hitler’s actions since they believed that he could prevent a feared communist takeover of Germany and restore Germany’s glory. The masses were willing to live under the Nazi dictatorship in exchange prosperity, security, and good governance. Gellately (2002) suggests that Hitler did not have to use terror to force the majority into li ne since most Germans had already become emotionally invested in the Nazi dictatorship, which promised to bring them prosperity and protect them from crime and a communist takeover of the country. As early as 1935, Hitler was already formulating policies that were popular with the masses. Corner (2009) documents that Hitler’s announcement that general military service was being reintroduced in contravention of the prohibitions of the Versailles Treaty was met with euphoria by the masses. The masses were in support of Hitler’s major rearmament activity that saw the army expanding to a larger size that the Treaty of Versailles allowed. This demonstrates that Hitler was able to garner large portions of popular approval for his policies and the ideas behind them. Unlike other European dictators such as Stalin and Mussolini who set out to break large segments of the population to their will, Hitler hoped to achieve an authoritarian rule that had popular backing. The Nazi re gime was therefore deeply concerned about popular opinion and how the masses reacted to government action. Hitler did not just want the people to adjust themselves to the new system of government but rather to be enthusiastic supporters of it. This notion is best articulated by Gellately (2002) who reveals that the Nazis wanted the public to believe that what Hitler did was in the best interest of the Germans.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on To What Extent did Hitler Rule Germany with Popular Consent? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Fuhrer myth, which presented Hitler as a heroic figure defending popular justice and restoring order in Germany, was integral to his hold on power. Viereck (2004) declares that believe in the Fuhrer myth by the German masses was so important that without it even the combination of army, concentration camps, and a lying press could not have succeeded in keeping Hitler in power. T his myth effectively dissociated Hitler from the party and the government and he was seen as a symbol of the ideal Germany. This myth resulted in an enthusiastic popular consent that was critical in Hitler’s maintenance of power in Germany. The Fuhrer myth enabled the masses to excuse Hitler if things went wrong because the public could place the blame on the officials under Hitler’s command since they were the individuals who actually executed the orders. Majority of the German population supported the crackdown on people who were labelled political criminals by the Nazi. The concentration camps where such elements were sent were widely publicized and many Germans were generally in favour of them. The general population believed that such camps were necessary to maintain the security of the country and ensure that social unrest did not occur. Gellately (2002) elaborates that the citizens were â€Å"pleased that the police put away people commonly regarded as criminal s and the dregs of society† (p.212). Hitler’s crackdown on criminals and political opponents was therefore done with public consent. Noakes (1980) reveals that there was massive participation by many professionals in Nazi policies such as doctors, nurses, and lawyers. These individuals were not fanatics and they participated in Nazi policies on their own volition. This demonstrates that Hitler’s policies were embraced by many Germans who contributed to the implementations of these policies. The coercive practices and repression carried out by Hitler’s regime happened with the support of the masses. Hitler’s rule was marked by widespread persecution and confinement of people who were marked out as enemies of the state. These â€Å"enemies† were mostly individuals on the margins of the society and the public perceived them as a threat.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Gellately (2002) illustrates that these targets of discrimination were not chosen out of the mere prejudices and dislikes of Hitler. On the contrary, the definition of â€Å"enemy† was a reflection of the wish of the people. Their persecution and discrimination by the Nazi regime therefore won many supporters for Hitler. Even when citizens expressed disagreement with certain policies of the Nazi regime, they often demonstrated greater consent in other areas and therefore led to an overall support for Hitler’s policies. Bankie (1992) states that while many Germans were disgruntled by the increased surveillance, they celebrated the security that intense police action brought to their streets. Ordinary citizens aided the Gestapo in its work by spying on their friends. Noakes (1980) documents that the Gestapo did not have sufficient manpower to spy on all Germans and 80% of denunciations were made by fellow citizens. This increased the surveillance ability of the Gestapo a nd over 50% of German’s Communist party members were incarcerated by the Gestapo. Gestapo files reveal that the enforcement of Hitler’s racial policies was only possible by the help of ordinary citizens who voluntarily denounced their fellow citizens. Hitler took up policies that increased the popularity of his regime with many groups. In the mid-1930s, he embarked on a privatization effort that saw the transfer of public ownership of companies to the private sector. Noakes (1980) states that this move was popular with the masses and it enhanced government support therefore strengthening Nazi rule. The business community was impressed by the privatization efforts and they supported Hitler. Privatization had a positive impact on the nation’s economy and this endeared Hitler to the masses. Use of Propaganda Hitler’s mass appeal was by the large a creation of the Nazi propaganda machine. The Nazi was able to make popular comments and tell the masses what the y wanted to hear. Associating with the German press and film tycoon, Alfred Hugenberg gave Hitler and his party unrestricted access to the media. Hitler was therefore able to spread his propaganda with great success and manipulate the media to achieve his ends. The Nazi propaganda system was run by Joseph Goebbels who created the Fuhrer myth and spread Nazi ideology to Germans. Control of the press helped the Nazi to exert influence over public opinion and this was very important since Hitler endeavoured to rule under popular support. The Nazi propaganda machine exaggerated on the successes of Germany’s foreign policy and the economic achievements gained under Hitler’s rule. People were therefore able to convince themselves of Hitler’s advantages and saw the positive sides of the new dictatorship that he created (Gellately 2002). Propaganda was used to elicit the support of the public for the expanding missions of the Gestapo, using concentration camps, and disc riminating against the Jewish population. The concentration camps were presented in the media as boot camps where political criminals and other anti-social elements would be rehabilitated through work therapy. The media fabricated stories of how effective and radical preventive approaches were being used to ensure that criminals would not reoffend. Hitler used propaganda to demonise the Jews and this led to the development of the popular opinion that removing the Jews from Germany was the appropriate action (Bankie 1992). Such misleading information led to the support and approval of policies that the public might have been opposed to if they had not been misled by propaganda. Rule through Coercion Hitler’s rule resulted in the loss of individual rights and freedoms by the German population. Individuals lost their freedom of speech and expression and criticism of Hitler and the Nazi state was forbidden. It is rumoured that the Gestapo kept files on every adult and regular rep orts on the person were made through information obtained from ordinary citizens who acted as informants. Those who were found guilty of criticizing the regime were interrogated and sometimes tortured. If found guilty, the individual was sent to a concentration camp or even executed (Orlow 1982). Such an environment ensured that Hitler could rule without the consent of the people and no one could speak up for fear of repercussions. The vocal detractors of Hitler were confronted with violence and this decreased opposition to Hitler. Specifically, the Nazi SS paramilitary wiped out all non-Nazi organizations and political parties in small waves of terror. The Nazi was left as the only active party in Germany many people followed its policies since there was no alternative. Hitler’s regime politicized all aspects of public life and this helped it to gain greater control of the public. Most behaviour of individuals in public was scrutinized and the citizens could get into trouble for insignificant things such as listing to jazz music (Bankie 1992). Such tight control of society by Hitler was not done with the consent of the masses and people only obliged since they feared punishment. People were always reminded of the penalties for opposition to Hitler and this led to coerced conformity. Using the Gestapo, Hitler had effectively turned Germany into a surveillance state and people were aware that they were under close observation by the government. The Schutzstaffel (SS), which began as a subunit of the storm troopers (SA), grew to be the most influential military apparatus of the Nazis. This paramilitary organization was unofficially referred to as â€Å"Hitler’s black-shirted personal bodyguards† and it was made up of individuals who were fanatically loyal to Hitler (Orlow 1982). The unquestioning allegiance to Hitler meant that the SS would do anything to ensure that Hitler’s rule was unopposed. This group therefore dealt severely wit h all parties that were opposed to Hitler’s rule. Conclusion This paper set out to argue that while Hitler’s rule was dictatorial in nature and made use of violence and intimidation, this Nazi leader mostly engaged in rule through popular public consent. The many atrocities attributed to the Nazi regime were done with the support of many Germans. It has articulated that Hitler made use of terror and popular consent to rule the Germans. Hitler was able to gain the backing of most people even as he turned the country from a democracy into a dictatorship. Hitler’s popularity with the masses was unquestionable and many people supported his foreign policy and action against political criminals and anti-socials. The people continued to support him even as he established the Gestapo and made concentration camps. The terror tactics employed by Hitler’s regime targeted specific groups and most Germans were left unharmed. The paper has shown that while Hitler emplo yed repressive measures and propaganda, his rule was mostly by popular consent. All blame must therefore not be laid on Hitler and his top officials for the atrocities committed under the Nazi regime. References Bankie, D 1992, The Germans and the Final Solution: Public Opinion under Nazism, Oxford University Press, Oxford. Corner, P 2009, Popular Opinion in Totalitarian Regimes: Fascism, Nazism, Communism, Oxford University Press, Oxford. Gellately, R 2002, Backing Hitler: Consent and Coercion in Nazi Germany: Consent and Coercion in Nazi Germany, Oxford University Press, Oxford. Noakes, Jeremy. â€Å"Government, party, and people in Nazi Germany†. University of Exeter Press, 1980. Orlow, D 1982, ‘The Historiography of the Decline of Bruning and the Rise of the Nazis: Comment and Review Article’, Hamburger Beitrage zur Sozial- und Zeitgeschichte, vol. 16 no.1, pp. 748-792. Viereck, P 2004, Metapolitics: From Wagner and the German Romantics to Hitler, Transaction Publishers, London. 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Thursday, March 12, 2020

Essay Writing Tips

Essay Writing Tips Essay Writing Tips Essay Writing Tips This page was written essay writers to provide you with essay writing tips. The below questions will help you make your essay perfect in terms of style, format, grammar, and content. Is an essay topic interesting and worth of research? Can I make an original contribution to the existing literature on the topic? Have I clarified the significance of my results, discussion, and ideas? Have I thoroughly accounted for the intended audience? Has my opinion on audience changed in the result of essay writing? Have I thoroughly accounted for what the readers need to know? What terms or concepts need more clarification? Are my examples and illustrations effective? Should I provide more examples to help college essay readers visualize conceptual problems? Have I used concepts that my readers will not understand? Have I introduced information that may make the audience angry? Can I eliminate these hot passages and still get my point across? Have I established the tone appropriate for the audience and purpose of essay writing? Have I established the appropriate voice? Are there any confusing or pedantic sections that need to be revised or edited? Now that I have thought more deeply about the essay topic, how have my thoughts changed about the particular voice that I should try to establish? As I look over the whole essay, the paragraphs, the sentences, and the words, can I trace the development of ideas? Did I finish with the same purpose that I began writing an essay? What changes to introduction need to be made to account for what I have written in my essay? Are there any gaps in content development and reasoning? Do I need to provide additional reasoning or outside documentation to support controversial statements? Have I provided enough background information for essay readers to understand the discussion and evaluation? Have I addressed all of the important counterarguments? Have I cited the appropriate studies and relied on up-to-date information while writing an essay? Throughout the essay body, have I moved from what the reader knows - the given - to what the reader doesn't know - the new? Have I provided the forecasting and transitional sentences that essay readers will need to understand how different ideas relate to each other? offers essay writing help to assist you with accomplishment of paper writing assignments.   We are able to help you with any academic assignment and we know how to write an impressive essay for you.   Our site is a team of professional writers who are able to impress you with high quality.

Tuesday, February 25, 2020

Mission Statement Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Mission Statement - Assignment Example It also aims at teaching them to adhere to the spirit of rules thus instilling habits that lead them to better and healthier lives. In addition, the program aims at building community by engaging the young people and creating an environment through which other people can also enjoy the experience. The issues that the program is likely to face include: firstly, insufficient funds to carry out all the obligations. Being a new program, we are not likely to get sponsors. I will address the problem by organizing fundraising events to ensure that we get enough funds. I will also look for charity organizations that can support us however small. Secondly, the program is likely to have poor reception (strong opposition) in the area because many parents prefer curricular activities (Murphy, 2011). I will carry out awareness programs aimed at educating parents on the benefits of co-curricular activities. This will make the parents to allow their children to join the program. I will also encourage my students to balance between athletics and class work to ensure that they excel in both. Finally, we are likely to be faced with youth sports violence. For instance, some parents being unhappy about unfair treatment their children receive and hence verbally abusing the coach (Murphy, 2011). I will ensure that equity and equality is observed all the time and also that all complaints are listened to and addressed fully. Such parents will be made to understand the role youth sports play in the society and not viewing them as just games of

Sunday, February 9, 2020

Communization in the changing civilizations Essay

Communization in the changing civilizations - Essay Example The dangerous clashes of the future are likely to arise from the interaction of Western arrogance, Islamic intolerance, and Sinic assertiveness.†(p 183-186) Huntington’s concern to preserve and protect the superiority of the Western societies is so great that he offers concrete suggestions â€Å"to protect the cultural, social, and ethnic integrity of Western societies by restricting the number of non-Westerners admitted as immigrants or refugees.†(Huntington, 1996, p 183-186) In another context, he says about the Mexicans that they are out to reclaim their homeland from America and considers their influx (immigration to the USA) as a threat to the unity and integrity of USA. The mind of Mario Vargas Llosa swings like the pendulum elucidating the concepts of globalization, modernization etc. The author perfectly understands the complexities created by the rapid industrialization and the stunning economic growth in some of the western countries. The views of Llosa are entirely different from those of Huntington, but he also realizes the threat of cultural invasion in America and some other western countries. Llosa opines, â€Å"The most effective attacks against globalization are usually not those related to economics. Instead, they are social, ethical, and above all, cultural.†(Llosa, 2000) Here the author veers round the views of Huntington, yet maintains the distance. Huntington creates a grim picture of the weakening of the nation state. But Llosa sees the silver lining in this weakening process.

Thursday, January 30, 2020

Head Nurse Essay Example for Free

Head Nurse Essay A head nurse has the following important duties and job responsibilities: * Planning and scheduling the work activities of junior nurses in her section. * Making sure that the medical reports and instruments are kept properly and safely. * Ensuring that the patients obey the instructions and advice of the doctors and follow their prescriptions sincerely. * Ensuring that the areas where the patients are admitted are sanitized properly on a regular basis. * Directing the patients to have their meals regularly and receiving feedback from them in case of faulty food items or other issues. * Making her patients relax in case of adversities and major surgeries being performed on them. * Comforting her patients and injecting them with the required medicinal doses as advised by the doctors. * Cleaning the areas that contained medical instruments, medicines and syringes in order to ensure safety for all those who visit these areas. * Sanitizing the rooms where the patients are dressed and changed in order to avoid microbial infections. * Assisting her patients with calling their relatives and helping the old ones move from one place to another. * Walking with the doctors during their routine rounds and check-ups and noting down the directions of the doctor with regard to the health and care of the patients. * Ensuring that she provides all the health care facilities and services to the patients with accordance to the rules, regulations and policies of the state. * Placing demands for new medicines and documenting their amounts properly and ordering fresh stocks of the medicines that have expired. * Ensuring that all the needs and demands of the patients are fulfilled during their stay in their hospitals. * Making sure that the patients are comfortable and feel at home. * Executing all other tasks that need her assistance and patient health care services. * Duties and Responsibilities of a Head Nurse: * Head nurses manage all the administrative duties of the departments which they are assigned to work in * They schedule shifts for the nurses and assign duties to them * They collect work reports from all the nurses regarding their day-to-day activities and maintains a record of them * They present the records collected from all the nurses to the respective doctorswho are handling cases of those patients * They assist and conduct training programs for the nurses who are new and need help * They also solve any issues related to the patients * Head nurses also come in direct contact with the patients and diagnose theirhealth problems * Inventory management is also one of the responsibilities of the head nurses * Head nurses review and supervise the pre-operative settings made by the nurses in the operating room and make sure that they have provided required equipments to the doctors * Head nurses often accompany the doctors when they go on their rounds to check the patients where they present the reports collected by them * They provide necessary help to the doctors such as carrying diagnostic equipments, etc., to the doctors while they are on round for check-up They maintain a log of the entries of the patients in their wards and their health Reports * Head nurses also look for the hygiene in the hospital and in the rooms and make sure that the patients are provided with enough facilities and entertain all types of complaints from the patients *

Wednesday, January 22, 2020

Potential Impact of Blogs on Communication Essays -- Internet Online C

The Potential Impact of Blogs on Communication The advent of weblogs as instruments of Web-based conversation shall surely increase the exchange of news-related and academic information; probably not to the extent that books or newspapers have, but certainly in an open and accessible way. Gradually as they gain in popularity, blogs shall transform the field of journalism from one of complacent reporting to a more competitive and less elitist industry. Motivated individuals, with the use of their personal blogs, shall weigh in on important and controversial topics related to politics and social issues. Similarly, separated networks of academics shall benefit from more convenient access in communicating their ideas across long distances, giving them greater opportunities to organize large collaborative projects. Although books and libraries shall continue to be the preferred and overwhelming choice of students, educators, and interested persons as a place for acquiring knowledge, weblogs, through the global network called the I nternet, shall bring people ever closer together to inform the general public and to exchange technical and academic ideas. The influence that blogging shall have on the news industry and on academia should, for the sake of objectivity, be placed in comparison with the advent of mechanized printing. Both these technologies (i.e. blogs and printing) have made general news coverage and advanced scholarship related to professional and academic disciplines more readily available than what was the case before their creation. Prior to the invention of moveable type and the printing press, only a small number of trained scribes and privileged aristocrats knew how to write. Books took painstaking effort ... ...ve understanding about the social and physical sciences shall be fostered by this new on-line forum. Works Cited Mumford, Lewis. "The Invention of the Printing Press." Communication in History : Technology, Culture, Society. Ed. Crowley, David and Paul Heyer. Pearson Education. pp. 93-97. Lasica, J.D. "Blogging as a Form of Journalism." We've Got Blog. Ed. Rodzvilla, John. USA: Perseus Publishing, 2002. 163-71. Pryor, Larry. "A Weblog sharpens journalism students' skills." Nieman Reports. Vol. 57, Iss. 3. pg. 97. Regan, Tom. "Weblogs threaten and inform traditional journalism." Nieman Reports. Vol. 57, Iss. 3: pg. 68. Reynolds, Glenn Harlan. "Weblogs and journalism: Back to the future?" Nieman Reports. Vol. 57, Iss. 3: pg. 81. Duke University. Center for Instructional Technology.

Monday, January 13, 2020

Rizal as Inspiration (Reflection)

Rizal as Inspiration By J. Arcilla ( Reflection) There is nothing wong to study Rizal’s works and doings. For me, it’s a good thing to know and understand his history. Rizal became a hero bacause of his accomplishments not because he was made to be. In his writings, he mentioned characters and scenarios related in reality. It focuses his ideals and misery in our country. Indeed, he is an inspiration but only some people sees that. Many fiipino knows Rizal is our natonal hero and being a hero is what they knew about him and that is wrong.It is more than that. It is not enough only knowing him as a hero. We should also understand and learn something fron him. Fighting for a freedom of a country is not a simple thing. I know you will needed so much courage, knowledge and a prescence of mind. Like him, he used the power of his mind to fight for good and that’s we should try to imitate from him. The social cancer Rizal mentoned still exist today and we are the one liv ing in present so I think we should at same as him. But not literally same. Being patriotic is also what made me inspire him.His selfless love in our country is remarkable. The values he has is also what we need to have. He inspired readers through his words. His real words. Rizal has become the constant model that inspires man and woman across the land to dream and work for its realization no matter the cost is brings for the sake of nationhood and promoting the liberty for the people. He also proven education is the answer to our struggle nation. So we student should value education because in the future we are the one who will get benefit from it.That’s why I will strive hard to get my diploma beacuse I believe someday I can also do remarkable things for our next generation. Education will helped us broadened our minds, so that we’re not confined to our countries and comfort zones anymore. We aren’t trapped in our small worlds, instead we have come out of our shells and begun to explore and learn new things about the world. It makes us aware of our rights in the society. It also grants us the power to never be enslaved, either by thoughts or actions.

Sunday, January 5, 2020

History and Properties of M-Theory

M-Theory is the name for a unified version of string theory, proposed in 1995 by the physicist Edward Witten. At the time of the proposal, there were 5 variations of string theory, but Witten put forth the idea that each was a manifestation of a single underlying theory. Witten and others identified several forms of duality between the theories which, together with certain assumptions about the nature of the universe, could allow for them to all be one single theory: M-Theory. One of the major components of M-Theory is that it required adding yet another dimension on top of the already-numerous extra dimensions of string theory so that the relationships between the theories could be worked out. The Second String Theory Revolution In the 1980s and early 1990s, string theory had reached something of a problem due to an abundance of riches. By applying supersymmetry to string theory, into the combined superstring theory, physicists (including Witten himself) had explored the possible structures of these theories, and the resulting work had shown 5 distinct versions of superstring theory. Research further showed that you could use certain forms of mathematical transformations, called S-duality and T-duality,  between the different versions of string theory. Physicists were at a loss   At a physics conference on string theory, held at the University of Southern California in spring of 1995, Edward Witten proposed his conjecture that these dualities be taken seriously. What if, he suggested, the physical meaning of these theories is that the different approaches to string theory were different ways of mathematically expressing the same underlying theory. Though he did not have the details of that underlying theory mapped out, he suggested the name for it, M-Theory. Part of the idea at the heart of string theory itself is that the four dimensions (3 space dimensions and one time dimension) of our observed universe can be explained by thinking of the universe as having 10 dimensions, but then compactifying 6 of those dimensions up into a sub-microscopic scale that is never observed. Indeed, Witten himself was one of the people who had developed this method back in the early 1980s! He now suggested doing the same thing, by assuming additional dimensions that would allow for the transformations between the different 10-dimensional string theory variants. The enthusiasm of research that sprung out of that meeting, and the attempt to derive the properties of M-Theory, inaugurated an era that some have called the second string theory revolution or second superstring revolution. Properties of M-Theory Though physicists have still not uncovered the secrets of M-Theory, they have identified several properties that the theory would have if Wittens conjecture turns out to be true: 11 dimensions of spacetime  (these extra dimensions should not be confused with the idea in physics of a multiverse of parallel universes)contains strings and branes (originally called membranes)methods of using compactification to explain how the extra dimensions reduce to the four spacetime dimensions we observedualities and identifications within the theory that allow it to reduce to special cases of the string theories known, and ultimately into the physics we observe in our universe What does the M Stand For? It is unclear what the M in M-Theory is meant to stand for, though it is likely that it originally stood for Membrane since these had just been discovered to be a key element of string theory. Witten himself has been enigmatic on the subject, stating that the meaning of the M can be selected for taste. Possibilities include Membrane, Master, Magic, Mystery, and so on. A group of physicists, led in large part by Leonard Susskind, have developed Matrix Theory, which they believe could eventually co-opt the M if it is ever shown to be true. Is M-Theory True? M-Theory, like the variants of string theory, has the problem that it is at present makes no real predictions that can be tested in an attempt to confirm or refute the theory. Many theoretical physicists continue to research this area, but when you have over two decades of research with no solid results, enthusiasm undoubtedly wanes a bit. There is no evidence, however, that strong argues that Wittens M-Theory conjecture is false, either. This may be a case where a failure to disprove the theory, such as by showing it to be internally contradictory or inconsistent in some way, is the best that physicists can hope for at the time being.